By 2030, a single AI accelerator package is projected to dissipate 6–15 kW. That works out to 300–750 W/cm² on average, with local hotspots above 1,000 W/cm². Against that demand, the conventional options run out early: Embedded microfluidic micropin-fin (MPF) cooling has been demonstrated at 1,700 W/cm² at device scale. That makes it the only …
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